Audits can feel daunting, right? But when it comes to GST (Goods and Services Tax), audits are a vital part of ensuring everything is in order.
Now, if you're a Chartered Accountant (CA) in India, a business owner, or someone aiming to become a CA, understanding the various types of GST audits is important.
They help you stay compliant and avoid penalties. So, let’s dive in and break down the five types of audits under GST in a way that’s simple.
What is a GST Audit?
Before jumping into the different types, let’s get the basics right.
A GST audit is essentially a thorough examination of your business's financial records, returns, and other documents by the tax authorities.
The purpose? To check the accuracy of your GST payments, returns, and compliance with the law.
Think of it as a health check-up for your business – it ensures that you’re fit, healthy, and not at risk of any legal trouble.
Why Are GST Audits Conducted?
The main reason for GST audits is to ensure businesses are correctly reporting their sales, purchases, and tax liabilities.
It helps the tax authorities detect fraud, identify discrepancies, and collect the correct amount of tax. So, if you’re running a business, knowing about these audits can help you be better prepared.
Now, let's dive into the five types of audits you should be aware of.
1. Turnover-Based Audit (Section 35(5))
A turnover-based audit, also called a mandatory audit, is conducted if your business's annual turnover exceeds a certain threshold.
As per GST rules, if your business has an annual turnover of more than INR 2 crores, you are required to get your accounts audited by a Chartered Accountant or a Cost Accountant.
Why Does This Matter?
If your turnover crosses this limit, you must submit audited annual accounts and a reconciliation statement in Form GSTR-9C. Missing this requirement can lead to penalties or delays in filing, which you definitely want to avoid!
2. General Audit (Section 65)
The general audit is conducted by the GST authorities. The Commissioner or an authorized GST officer carries out this audit to check your books and records, usually with prior notice.
What Should You Expect?
You will receive a notice at least 15 days before the audit begins, giving you time to prepare. The audit must be completed within three months from the date it starts.
However, the authorities may extend this period by another six months if needed.
3. Special Audit (Section 66)
A special audit can be ordered when the authorities suspect some discrepancies in your records. This type of audit goes beyond the usual scope of a general audit.
If the tax officer believes the value of the goods, services, or credit availed is not correctly declared, a special audit may be conducted.
Here’s What You Need to Know
- The Commissioner appoints a chartered accountant or cost accountant to conduct the special audit.
- The audit must be completed within 90 days, although this period can be extended by another 90 days if necessary.
- You will receive a copy of the audit report, and if there are discrepancies, you may need to pay additional taxes, interest, or penalties.
4. Departmental Audit
This is another type of audit conducted by the GST Department. Here, the authorities themselves carry out the audit of selected taxpayers.
The objective is to ensure that the taxes filed and paid by the business match its actual records.
What Can You Expect During a Departmental Audit?
The tax authorities will scrutinize all your GST returns and financial records. It is generally less intense than a special audit but can still bring up discrepancies that could lead to additional tax liabilities.
5. Forensic Audit
A forensic audit is not specifically a GST audit but can sometimes overlap with it. When authorities suspect fraud, a forensic audit may be conducted.
It involves a detailed investigation of financial records to detect fraud or financial misconduct.
When Does a Forensic Audit Happen?
If your business has shown signs of tax evasion, fraudulent transactions, or financial misconduct, then a forensic audit might be ordered.
It’s more in-depth than the other audits and can include a full financial investigation.
How to Prepare for a GST Audit
Preparing for a GST audit isn’t rocket science. It’s all about staying organized and keeping your records up-to-date. Here’s a simple checklist to help you:
- Maintain Clear Records: Ensure all your sales, purchases, input tax credits, and GST payments are well-documented.
- Reconcile Regularly: Compare your books with the GST returns filed. This helps catch discrepancies early on.
- Keep Invoices and Documents Handy: Make sure all invoices, bills of supply, and credit notes are easily accessible.
- Stay Updated on GST Rules: Regulations change, and staying up-to-date ensures you comply with the latest requirements.
- Get Professional Help: If your turnover exceeds INR 2 crores, make sure you consult with a Chartered Accountant or Cost Accountant for the mandatory audit.
Common Issues Found During GST Audits
Even with the best preparations, audits can uncover issues. Here are some common problems auditors often find:
- Mismatch Between GSTR-3B and GSTR-2A: This discrepancy can happen when the input tax credit claimed doesn’t match the records in GSTR-2A.
- Ineligible ITC Claims: If you’ve claimed input tax credit on items not eligible under GST, you could face penalties.
- Delayed Payments: Paying GST late means interest is levied on the outstanding amount, which adds to your costs.
- Errors in Classification of Goods/Services: Incorrectly classifying goods or services can lead to higher tax rates.
What Happens if There are Discrepancies?
If the audit reveals any discrepancies, you may need to pay additional taxes along with interest and penalties. The amount can vary depending on the nature and extent of the discrepancy.
In serious cases, it could even lead to prosecution under GST laws.
Preparing for GST audits can be a breeze when you automate your accounting tasks.
Suvit, an automated accounting software, can help you maintain accurate records, reconcile data effortlessly, and stay up-to-date with the latest GST rules.
Suvit simplifies your accounting process so that you're always ready.
Try Suvit for free for a week!
